“The pay gap is not about some inherent preference in women for jobs that offer lower wages, but rather it is that we actually do pay women’s occupations less because we devalue women,” said Cate Taylor, associate professor of sociology at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
In 2024, women earned 26.6 percent of all bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in engineering. Women were most represented among graduates in the environmental and biomedical disciplines. They were least represented among graduates in electrical and mechanical disciplines.
After controlling for factors such as field of study, campus, and when faculty began their academic careers, a team of scholars at the University of California, San Diego have found the gender pay gap among University of California System social sciences faculty is roughly 4.3 percent.
In an analysis of clinical studies conducted between 2015 and 2023, women's participation met or exceed their disease prevalence in 67 percent of trials. However, some areas of study still significantly under-enroll women participants.
On average, women biologists in tenure-track and tenure faculty roles at R1 institutions publish less per year than their male colleagues. Women also receive fewer citations, even after controlling for their overall lower publication volume.
In an examination of the exhibition history of more than 65,000 contemporary visual artists, a new study found men are more likely than women to have their work featured in a museum or gallery and men's art is more likely to be sold at an auction than art created by women.
When filing for bankruptcy, women entrepreneurs are more likely than their male counterparts to turn to liquidation rather than attempt a reorganization of their finances and operations, according to a new study from scholars at Rutgers Business School and the University of Delaware.
During the 2025–2026 academic year, women represented 47.5 percent of head coaches of women's sports across 94 colleges and universities in NCAA Division I conferences — a decline of 0.2 percent from the prior academic year and the first decrease in the last 13 years.
Among Americans over the age of 15, women spend more time than men on household activities and caring for other household members, while men spend more time working and on leisurely activities. Among households with a child under age 6, women spend an average of 1.8=12 hours more per day on childcare than men do.
Until 2018, women biology faculty members in the U.S. were less likely than their male colleagues to be featured on Wikipedia. By 2024, the trend had reversed; women biology professors at top R1 universities are now 25 percent more likely to have a biography on the platform than male biologists in academia.
Compared to the prior year, women's representation declined among lead actors and directors of English-language streaming films released in 2025, while their share of streaming film writers remained unchanged.
Between 2019 and 2025, male-owned businesses have consistently adopted AI at a higher rate than women-owned businesses. Among different generations, Millennial and Gen Z owners are the most likely to use AI; however, these age groups also have the largest gender gaps in AI adoption.
