According to a review of prior research on climate change, men emit more greenhouse gases than women due to their greater consumption in areas like travel, transportation, tourism, and meat eating. Men are also less likely to express concern with climate change.
Younger women are the more likely to believe they have been held back by their gender, with 50 percent of Gen Z women saying they have faced personal or professional hardship simply because they were a woman.
According to a recent poll from the Associated Press and NORC at the University of Chicago, over half of all adults believe men have more opportunities than women for competitive wages and job advancement. Most adults perceive no gender gap when it comes to securing flexible work schedules and accessing education.
Overall, mothers are 15 percent less likely than fathers to be employed at universities. At the tenured level, men's employment is unaffected by parenthood, while women experience a drop of 23 percent in their rate of tenured employment.
Women physicians in the United States earn roughly 78 cents per every one dollar earned in total compensation and 80 cents per every dollar earned in base salary by their male peers. Over a 30-year career, a woman physician can expect to earn some $3.3 million less in total compensation compared to a male colleague.
In countries with higher scores on the 2017 Human Development Index, women represent a larger share of the workforce in care-economy jobs, such as teachers, nurses, or social workers.
On an hourly basis, women overall were paid 18.6 percent less, on average, than men in 2025. This is a slight increase from 2024. Women make less money than men at every education level, and the gap widens as education level increases.
The National Institutes of Health's series of grant cancellations in 2025 disproportionately impacted women scientists compared to their male peers. Although women lost less money overall, they had more active resources unspent at the time of cancellation, leading to a great portion of unrealized scientific output, particularly among women in early-career positions.
According to scholars at the University of Ottawa in Canada, the gender gap in publication output and research impact in economics and political science is shrinking among junior faculty. However, significant gaps persist among full professors.
As of 2024, women working full-time earn 81 cents for every one dollar earned by men. Over a 40-year career, this gap equates to $542,800 in lost wages for full-time working women. Women earn less per dollar compared to their male counterparts in all 50 states and Washington, D.C.
Scholars at New York University Abu Dhabi have argued that widespread generalizations about gender differences in competitiveness and risk tolerance are flawed as prior research has historically focused on White participants.
