The Institute for Women’s Policy Research has published a new report discussing the uneven job prospects facing young Black women in the United States.
By the end of 2025, there were major disparities in the median weeks spent unemployed for Black women compared to White women. In December 2025, Black women spent a median of 19 weeks unemployed before finding a job, compared to nine weeks for White women. Although Black workers took longer to find employment than White workers in 2024, the difference in median unemployment duration was significantly smaller, hovering around two to four weeks, suggesting Black women unequally bore the brunt of a lethargic job market in the second half of 2025.
Among workers of all races between the ages of 16 and 24, there has been a significant increase in overall unemployment over the past year. However, young Black women’s rise in unemployment was particularly sharp. In August 2025, the unemployment rate for young Black women reached a peak of 19 percent — more than twice the unemployment rate of similarly aged White women and almost five times the rate for women overall.
Notably, this sharp increase in unemployment among young Black women is not due to a significant increase in the number of young Black women entering the workforce; the share of Black women ages 16 to 24 in the U.S. labor force did not change drastically in 2025 and has been declining over the past decade. Additionally, there have been no recent changes in young Black women’s educational attainment. There was a small decrease in Black women’s bachelor’s degree attainment in 2025, but this was offset by a small increase in the group’s graduate degree attainment. Furthermore, the unemployment rate for Black workers is higher than that for White workers at every educational level.
Among young Black women who are in the labor force, there are numerous barriers facing their opportunities to transition from lower-paying service jobs to higher-paying roles. Black women shoulder the highest student debt burdens — particularly in high-cost, high-demand fields like health care, where the cost of a professional diploma can approach some 20 percent of their full-time median annual income.
“Black women incur some of the highest student debt burdens while pursuing higher education, which, when combined with a lack of job opportunities, deepens existing economic inequities and exacerbates the racial wealth gap,” the report authors write. “We recommend that policymakers prioritize codifying civil rights protections for Black women workers, cancel student loan debt and remove caps on borrowing, and bolster workplace protections and pay equity laws to ensure that Black women have equal opportunity to succeed and thrive in education and in their careers.”