All Entries in the "Research/Study" Category
Study Finds That Alcohol Intoxication Does Not Impact Women’s Ability to Recall a Sexual Assault
Acute alcohol intoxication has a significant impact on criminal proceedings, with up to 80 percent of victims reported to have been alcohol intoxicated when their attack occurred. During trials, victims’ accounts will often be contested if they were intoxicated.
How Women Deal With Potentially Discriminatory Behavior at Work When They Are Not Sure
A new study led by Laura Doering, an associate professor of strategic management at the Rotman School of Management of the University of Toronto, finds that women often feel emotional distress when they experience a potentially discriminatory incident at work but cannot classify it conclusively.
Young Men Are Largely Responsible for the Overall Drop in College Enrollments
A new study from the Pew Research Center finds that college enrollment among young Americans has been declining gradually over the past decade. Much of this decline is because of lower enrollments of men at four-year colleges and universities. Today, men represent only 42 percent of students ages 18 to 24 at four-year schools, down from 47 percent in 2011.
Gender Differences in Teacher Attrition Rates at K-12 Schools in the United States
In public schools women teachers were more likely than men to move to a different school and were more likely than men to leave the teaching profession. At private schools, the opposite was true.
Do Women Respond Differently Than Men to Performance Critiques?
Using a controlled experiment, Dr. Maria Kogelnik of Yale University found that men are 10 percentage points more likely to continue engaging in difficult tasks when exposed to performance feedback than women who did equally well and received identical feedback. She concluded that men and women may differ in how they interpret critiques.
The Gender Gap at Medical Schools in the United States
In 2023, there were 53,442 women students enrolled at U.S. medical schools. They made up 54.6 percent of all medical school students. In 2019, women made up a majority of all medical school enrollments for the first time.
The Gender Gap in STEM Fields Is Due to Personnel Preferences, Scientists Say
Fewer women pursue careers in physics than biology, and scientists from around the world believe these differences come down to personal preferences, according to a new Rice University study of international scientists. The study’s researchers warn that merely chalking this imbalance up to individual choice may diminish the push for gender equality in the sciences.
The Crisis in Child Care for Working Parents
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, most parents regardless of their kids’ ages, said they didn’t have any type of child care arrangement, including 35 percent of those with children under age 5 and more than half – 54 percent – with children ages 5 to 11.
Examining the Gender Pay Gap for College and University Administrators
A new survey by CUPA-HR finds that among higher education administrators, the representation of women steadily increased from 2002 to 2022, from 43 percent to 51 percent. But during the two-decade span, there was not much progress in pay equity for female administrators.
New Study Finds That Discrimination Against the Mother Can Impact the Brains of Unborn Children
Experiences of discrimination and acculturation are known to have a detrimental effect on a person’s health. For pregnant women, these painful experiences can also affect the brain circuitry of their children, a new study from Yale and Columbia University finds.
Survey Examines the Poor State of Maternal Health in Georgia
According to a statewide survey commissioned by Research!America in partnership with the Woodruff Health Sciences Center at Emory University in Atlanta, one in 10 Georgians know of someone who has died during pregnancy, at delivery, or soon after birth, and more than half have experienced or know someone who has experienced complications during pregnancy.
Women Making Progress in Ice Core Science, But a Huge Gender Gap Remains
The gender makeup of co-authors differs substantially for man vs. woman-led studies. Within the past decade, woman-led studies have contained on average 20 percent more women coauthors than man-led studies.
How Artificial Intelligence Reflects Gender Stereotypes
A new study by Access Education, an education technology specialist, uncovered the top 10 professions where artificial intelligence is least likely to represent women in key STEM roles, and the ones where AI is challenging stereotypes.
In the Workplace, Attractiveness May Benefit Men More Than Women
A new study by researchers at the Polish Academy of Sciences finds that while attractive women are more likely to obtain better jobs and earn more money than less attractive women, men who are deemed attractive actually benefit more from their good looks than women.
Women Win Far Fewer Academic Prizes Than Men
An analysis of nearly 9,000 awardees and 346 scientific prizes and medals published in the journal Nature Human Behaviour has found that men win eight prizes for every one won by a woman if the award is named after a man. Men win a majority of awards named after women.
Sexual Assault, Bullying, and Harassment on the Basis of Sex in U.S. Schools
In the 2020-21 academic year, there were 2,700 instances of sexual assault in schools including 350 incidents of rape or attempted rape. There were 14,900 students who reported being harassed or bullied on the basis of sex and 20,800 students were disciplined for bullying or harassment on the basis of sex.
Women Are Making Progress in Academic Publishing in STEM But a Gender Gap Persists
In an analysis of 5.8 million authors in journals of 174 scientific fields, the researchers found that men outnumbered women 3.93 times among those authors who started publishing before 1992, but only 1.36 times among those authors who started publishing after 2011.
Maternal Mortality Occurs More Often After Pregnancy and Labor Are Over
A study by researchers at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health and the Columbia School of Social Work provides insights into the challenges that birthing people face in the year after birth — both medical and social — which could be drivers of postpartum morbidity and mortality.
The Importance of Career Services in Leveling the Playing Field in Competition for Tech Jobs
The data show that men generally use career services more frequently than women and that men get more job offers than women. The data show that for men and women in STEM disciplines, the advantage in terms of job offers reverses. Women in STEM who use career services get more job offers than men in STEM who use career services, leveling the playing field for women in tech.
Why Women May Be Better Negotiators Than Men
A new study by researchers at Duke University, Columbia University, and the University of Wisconsin finds that women’s “relation-oriented, interpersonal” negotiation style translates into less aggressive first offers but higher chances of getting a deal done.
Having Women in the C-Suite Is Not Enough If They Aren’t Given Appropriate Power
Researchers at the University of Mississippi analyzed more than 100 publicly listed retailers and found a positive association between female executives’ structural power – their influence and control of key organizational resources – and company profitability.
The Lingering Effects from the COVID-19 Pandemic on American Women
Some 18.7 million said they felt nervous, anxious, or on edge nearly every day. About half of all women reported symptoms of depression. Some 18 million women reported they feel depressed nearly every day. More than 24 million women said they had great difficulty meeting basic expenses.
Neighborhood Stressors Produce High Levels of Testosterone in Pregnant Women
The researchers found that women living in neighborhoods with stressors such as vacant lots, derelict buildings, and other signs of disorder had significantly higher levels of testosterone – nearly 40 percent higher by the third trimester of pregnancy – than women living in well-ordered neighborhoods.
The Gender Gap for College-Educated Computer Science Workers
Though women’s representation in STEM fields generally has increased in recent decades, their presence in the workforce – which accounts for about half the jobs in STEM fields – remains low, and the gender wage gap in computer science persists.
Women Are More Likely Than Men to Disclose Negative Information
A new study led by Erin Carbone, visiting assistant professor in the department of social and decision sciences at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, has found that men are less eager and likely to share negative information than women, while there was little difference when it comes to positive news.
Women Making Some Progress in Business School Enrollments
Five years ago, the business school at the University of Southern California was the first major business school to report that women made up a majority of all enrollments. This year, according to data from the Forte Foundation, five of the world’s leading business schools reported that they had reached gender equality in enrollments.
Gender Differences in Graduate Degree Awards
Data from the Council of Graduate Schools shows that women earned 33,784 master’s degrees in the 2021-22 academic year. This was 66.9 percent of all master’s degrees awarded. Women earned 43,027 doctoral degrees in the 2021-22 academic year. This was 54.5 percent of all doctoral degrees awarded.
New Study Examines Gender Differences in Faculty Attrition Rates
Within the first 20 years of a faculty member’s career post-Ph.D., overall attrition rates range from approximately 2 percent to 5 percent. At all stages that number is higher for women. Researchers also found women leave or consider leaving because of workplace climate more often than work-life balance.
Study Finds That Air Pollution May Contribute to Early-Onset Puberty for Girls
The average age of girls’ first periods is believed to have declined by three of four years over the past century. Why does this matter? Girls who have their first periods at an earlier age face increased risk for several diseases later during their lifetime, including cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer.
Women’s First-Time Enrollments in Graduate Education Show a Significant Drop
A total of 508,646 graduate students enrolled for the first time in graduate certificate, education specialist, master’s, or research doctoral programs in Fall 2022. This was a 4.7 percent decline from 2021. Women saw a 5.6 percent decline, compared to 3.5 percent for men. Women were 58 percent of all first-time enrollments in 2022.
Artificial Intelligence’s Views of Women in Science Are More Biased Than Those of Humans
Science writer Lisa M.P. Munoz asked the AI-image generation model Stable Diffusion to draw 100 images of a ”photorealistic scientist.” Only 6 of 100 depicted what appeared to be a woman scientist. When she asked the AI software to make 100 drawing of a ”photorealistic engineer,” only one depicted a woman.
For Women Neurosurgeons, the Gender Pay Gap Is Significant
Women neurosurgeons billed Medicare for $395 851.62 compared to $766 006.80 for men. Women neurosurgeons were reimbursed an average of $69 520.89 compared to $124 324.64 for men. After controlling for volume and experience, women still received $24,885.29 less than men per year.
Gender Differences in Test Scores on the ACT College Entrance Examination
Some 22 percent of men who took the ACT test were deemed college-ready in all four areas of English, mathematics, reading, and science. For women, 20 percent of all test takers were deemed college-ready in all four areas.
Women Are Vastly Underrepresented in Leadership Roles in Academic Surgery
Men made up 86 percent of department chairs and 68 percent of vice chairs. Men were 87 percent of division chiefs. Women surgical leaders were disproportionately clustered in roles such as vice chair of diversity, equity, and inclusion or vice chair of faculty development.
Increased Rates of Breastfeeding May Negatively Impact Women’s Economic Prospects
Mothers who chose to breastfeed significantly increased their time spent on child care, leading many to reduce their work hours, reduce their positions to part-time or leave the workforce entirely. And that may cause substantially lower wages and earnings down the line.
